CEFR Language Levels

Common European Framework of Reference for Languages

CEFR Language Levels

What are they?

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is a widely used system for assessing and describing language proficiency. It is used in many countries and by many organizations, including schools, universities, and language testing centers. The CEFR system is divided into six levels, from A1 (beginner) to C2 (proficient), and provides a clear and consistent way to describe and measure language ability.

Each CEFR level is defined by a set of can-do statements, which describe what a learner can do in terms of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. For example, at level A1, a learner can understand and use familiar everyday expressions, ask and answer simple questions, and interact in a simple way. At level C2, a learner can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, express themselves spontaneously and fluently, and understand implicit meaning.

Assessing a learner's language proficiency according to CEFR level can be done by means of a formal test, or by an informal assessment. The CEFR levels provide a common reference for language learners and teachers, which allows for better communication and understanding of the learner's level. It is important to note that CEFR levels are not only for European languages but for any language, and it's a widely recognized standard that is used around the world.

Why does it matter?

CEFR Levels matter because they provide a clear and consistent way to assess and describe language proficiency. This is important for language learners, teachers, and institutions because it allows for better communication and understanding of a learner's level. This can help to identify areas of strength and weakness, set goals, and plan appropriate instruction. Additionally, CEFR levels also provide a common reference point for institutions, employers, and other organizations when assessing language proficiency for admission or employment.

You may need a CEFR certificate for a variety of reasons. Some of the most common reasons include:

Education: Many universities and colleges require a CEFR certificate as part of the application process for international students. This is because the CEFR certificate provides a clear and consistent way for institutions to assess a student's language proficiency, which helps to ensure that students are placed in the appropriate level of classes.
Employment: Many employers, particularly in international companies, require a CEFR certificate as part of the hiring process. This is because the CEFR certificate demonstrates a candidate's language proficiency, which is often a key requirement for many jobs.
Visa application: Some countries require a CEFR certificate as part of the visa application process. For example, if you want to study or work in a country where the primary language is not your native language, you may be required to provide a CEFR certificate to demonstrate that you have the necessary language skills to succeed.
Personal development: Even if you're not planning to study or work abroad, getting a CEFR certificate can be a valuable personal development goal. The CEFR certificate provides a benchmark for your language proficiency, and it can be a great way to motivate yourself to continue to learn and improve your language skills.

In summary, CEFR certificate may be required for education, employment, visa application and personal development purposes, as it provides a reliable, valid and fair way to assess and describe language proficiency.

The “A” Levels

Basic Users

Level A1 is the first level of English in the CEFR system. This level is officially referred to as "beginner". A student who is just beginning to learn English, or who has no prior knowledge of English, is at a pre-A1 level.

The second level is Level A2, this level is officially referred to as "elementary". At this level, students have mastered the basics of English and can communicate simple, basic needs.

A1 – Beginner

At the A1 CEFR level, a language learner can:

Understand and use very basic expressions to satisfy concrete needs.
Introduce themselves and ask others questions about personal details.
Interact simply as long as the other person speaks slowly and clearly.

A2 – Elementary

At the A2 CEFR level, a language learner can:

Understand frequently used expressions in most intermediate areas such as shopping, family, employment, etc.
Complete tasks that are routine and involve a direct exchange of information.
Describe matters of immediate need in simple terms.

The “B” Levels

Independent Users

Level B1 is the third level of English in the CEFR system. This level is officially referred to as "intermediate". Although students at this level have mastered the fundamentals, they are still unable to work or study exclusively in English.

The fourth level is Level B2, which is officially described as "upper intermediate". Students can work independently in a range of academic and professional settings at this level.

B1 – Intermediate

At the B1 CEFR level, a language learner can:

Understand points regarding family, work, school or leisure-related topics.
Deal with most travel situations in areas where the language is spoken.
Create simple texts on topics of personal interest.
Describe experiences, events, dreams, and ambitions, as well as opinions or plans in brief.

B2 – Upper Intermediate

At the B2 CEFR level, a language learner can:

Understand the main ideas of a complex text such as a technical piece related to their field.
Spontaneously interact without too much strain for either the learner or the native speaker.
Produce a detailed text on a wide range of subjects.

The “C” Levels

Proficient Users

Level C1 is the fifth level of English in the CEFR system. This level is officially referred to as "advanced". Students are able to work independently, accurately, and in practically any context at this level, without any prior preparation, on a wide range of subjects.

The sixth and highest level of English in the CEFR system is Level C2. The terms proficient, bilingual and fluent could be used to describe this level. Technically, a native English speaker with a good education is at a C2 level.

C1 – Advanced

At the C1 CEFR level, a language learner can:

Understand a wide range of longer and more demanding texts or conversations.
Express ideas without too much searching.
Effectively use the language for social, academic or professional situations.
Create well-structured and detailed texts on complex topics.

C2 – Proficiency

At the C2 CEFR level, a language learner can:

Understand almost everything read or heard with ease.
Summarize information from a variety of sources into a coherent presentation.
Express themselves using precise meaning in complex scenarios.